In both men and women, the underlying biochemistry governing pattern hair loss is strikingly similar.  The affected individual must have a susceptibility to these androgen-mediated processes and they must convert substrate testosterone (T) to its more pathologic metabolite dihydrotestosterone (DHT).  The operative metabolic process occurs when T is converted to DHT via the enzyme 5 [...]

In androgenetic alopecia (AGA) aka pattern hair loss, another set of key gender-specific distinctions are the triggers governing when the disorder manifests.   In both males and females there are three factors which must be in place.  First, genetics.  One must have a genetic predisposition for hair loss.  Second, age.  In other words, nine year old [...]

In susceptible individuals of both genders, pattern hair loss is triggered by the conversion of testosterone (T) to dihydrotestosterone (DHT).  This is precipitated by the enzyme 5 alpha-reductase (5AR).  5AR comes in several isoforms, each associated with specific pathological consequences.  Type 2 5AR is primarily associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, a non-cancerous enlargement of [...]

The topical hair loss treatment drug Rogaine™, aka 2% / 5% minoxidil, was originally indicated for refractory hypertension.  Orally administered minoxidil lowers blood pressure by relaxing vascular smooth muscle through the action of its sulphated metabolite, minoxidil sulphate, as an opener of sarcolemmal potassium adenosine triphosphate (KATP) channels.  Its mechanism of action in those affected [...]

The oral hair loss treatment drug Propecia™, aka 1 mg finasteride, preferentially inhibits the type 2 isoform of the enzyme 5-alpha Reductase.  This enzyme, which converts the androgen hormone testosterone (T) into its more pathologic metabolite 5-alpha dihydrotestosterone (DHT) can be thought of as the match that lights the fuse in precipitating several disease phenotypes, [...]